{"id":3007,"date":"2022-09-12T15:47:05","date_gmt":"2022-09-12T12:47:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/yag-cikarma-yontemleri\/"},"modified":"2022-09-12T15:50:55","modified_gmt":"2022-09-12T12:50:55","slug":"yag-cikarma-yontemleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/yag-cikarma-yontemleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ya\u011f \u00c7\u0131karma Y\u00f6ntemleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Do\u011fal ve bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden elde edilen ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ortak noktas\u0131 ya\u011f pres makineleri<\/strong>dir. Ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma konusunda so\u011fuk pres ya\u011f makinas\u0131<\/a><\/strong> \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin son y\u0131llarda kullan\u0131m\u0131 olduk\u00e7a artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. So\u011fuk s\u0131k\u0131m y\u00f6nteminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj\u0131, en kaliteli ya\u011f \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn elde edilmesidir. Bu sebeple bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstriyel tesiste ya\u011f pres makinas\u0131<\/a><\/strong> ile kaliteli ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemi yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zeytin, badem, susam, \u00e7\u00f6rekotu gibi bitkiler en s\u0131k ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma makinesi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensiplerini \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u011f \u00c7\u0131karma Nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma, ya\u011f ekstraksiyonu<\/strong> veya ya\u011f presleme, nihayet bildi\u011fimiz ya\u011fa yak\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6ren s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Ya\u011f \u00fcretiminin bu a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 teknikler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohum ya\u011f\u0131 ekstraksiyonu<\/strong>, amac\u0131 bitki \u00e7ekirdeklerinden ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karmak olan do\u011fal bir\u00a0tar\u0131msal g\u0131da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00fcrecidir.\u00a0Ya\u011f pres makinesi ad\u0131 verilen bir makinede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu\u00a0d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, iki temel a\u015famada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir: tohumun\u00a0preslenmesi\u00a0(\u00f6\u011f\u00fctme veya presleme) ve ard\u0131ndan\u00a0ya\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131n di\u011fer bile\u015fenlerden\u00a0ayr\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma, \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle yap\u0131l\u0131r;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. So\u011fuk ekstraksiyon<\/li>
  2. S\u0131cak ekstraksiyon<\/li>
  3. Solvent ekstraksiyonu<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"What
    What is Oil Extraction<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    1. So\u011fuk Ekstraksiyon (So\u011fuk Pres Ya\u011f \u00c7\u0131karma)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    So\u011fuk presleme, tohumlara s\u0131cak su eklemeden veya tohumun kendisini \u0131s\u0131tmadan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan mekanik i\u015flemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma y\u00f6ntemi olarak so\u011fuk s\u0131k\u0131m (etiket \u00fczerinde belirtilecektir)  \u015f\u00fcphesiz en do\u011fal olan\u0131d\u0131r ve t\u00fcredi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden koruyan \u00fcst\u00fcn kaliteli bir \u00fcr\u00fcn sa\u011flar. Genellikle ya\u011f oksitlenmez ve m\u00fckemmel organoleptik \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Etiketlerde her zaman, kullan\u0131lan ekstraksiyon y\u00f6ntemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak eklenebilecek “mekanik prosed\u00fcrlerle elde edildi” yaz\u0131l\u0131r: “so\u011fuk preslenmi\u015f”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Genel olarak, so\u011fuk pres 27\u00b0C’den y\u00fcksek olmayan s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.  Ve bu, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmayacak verim pahas\u0131na bile, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ya\u011f\u0131n en iyi kalitesini garanti eder. So\u011fuk pres ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma makineleri ile aroma ve antioksidanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin bir ya\u011f \u00fcretir. So\u011fuk pres ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma y\u00f6nteminde nihai \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kalitesine odaklan\u0131l\u0131r. So\u011fuk ekstraksiyon ile termal ko\u015fullar bu de\u011ferli g\u0131da bile\u015feninde herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe neden olmayacak \u015fekilde ya\u011f \u00fcretilir. En kaliteli ya\u011flar, ekstraksiyon ve sadece mekanik i\u015flemlerle elde edilir. Her ya\u011f\u0131n rengi, aromas\u0131 ve bile\u015fiminden ba\u015flayarak \u00f6zellikleri, ekim yerine ve kullan\u0131lan tohumun cinsine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re so\u011fuk presleme<\/em> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • ya\u011f kalitesini art\u0131r\u0131r,<\/li>
    • ya\u011f\u0131n rengini ve meyveli aromas\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131r,<\/li>
    • m\u00fckemmel do\u011fal oksitleyiciler olan polifenoller at\u0131k suda da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ya\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      So\u011fuk ekstraksiyon<\/em>, tohumu santrif\u00fcjlemenin fiziksel prensibine ve yo\u011funluk fark\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 fazlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan \u201cDekant\u00f6re\u201d  g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi mekanik i\u015flemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"So\u011fuk
      So\u011fuk S\u0131k\u0131m Ya\u011f Makinas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      2. S\u0131cak Ekstraksiyon (S\u0131cak Pres Ya\u011f \u00c7\u0131karma)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      S\u0131cak pres, ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131cak su ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak tohum s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 29 – 30\u00b0C’ye y\u00fckseltilmesi ve do\u011fru nem seviyesinde tutulmas\u0131yla elde edilir. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda  tohumlarda do\u011fal olarak bulunan baz\u0131 enzimler aktive  olur ve bunlar ya\u011f-su em\u00fclsiyonunu par\u00e7alayabilir. Bu enzimler, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmemek i\u00e7in i\u015flemin operat\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazla kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.  S\u0131cak pres ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma, tohumlar\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oksidasyona ve daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde i\u015flenmesine izin verir. Bu durumda, ya\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 kimyasal-fiziksel bir i\u015flemle desteklenir ve daha y\u00fcksek verim sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ya\u011f\u0131n kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yak\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131klarla yap\u0131lan s\u0131cak presleme, temel maddelerin oksidasyonunu ve kayb\u0131n\u0131 ve  doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ya\u011flar\u0131n yok edilmesini i\u00e7erir. Bu nedenle elde edilen ya\u011f yenilebilir de\u011fildir. S\u0131cak pres ile ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karmada asit giderme, renk de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, koku giderme gibi i\u015flemler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      S\u0131cak preslenmi\u015f ya\u011f\u0131n (i\u00e7inde tohumlar\u0131n \u00f6nceden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ikinci bir preslemeden elde edilen (yani daha \u00f6nce preslenmi\u015f tohumlardan elde edilen) ya\u011f bu nedenle bir ar\u0131tma i\u015flemine tabi tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. Solvent Ekstraksiyonu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Ya\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerle ekstraksiyonu,  ya\u011f\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 geri kazanmak i\u00e7in s\u0131cak ekstraksiyon kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tohumlar ezilir ve yava\u015f hareketlerle, genellikle heksan veya heptan gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir hidrokarbon olan bir organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcye bat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; s\u0131cakl\u0131k  150\u00b0C’ye y\u00fckseltilir ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; ya\u011f, bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr ve rafinasyona g\u00f6nderilirken, tohumlar\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 geri kazan\u0131l\u0131r ve una d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      En \u0130yi Ya\u011f \u00c7\u0131karma Y\u00f6ntemi Hangisidir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerinden bahsettikten sonra bir tavsiyeyle bitirmekte fayda var. Bu durumlarda tekrarlanan sorulardan biri  “hangi ya\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7meli?\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na en b\u00fcy\u00fck fayday\u0131 sa\u011flayan ya\u011f, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda en iyi ya\u011f olarak kabul edilen so\u011fuk pres ya\u011fd\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7i\u011f t\u00fcketildi\u011finde beslenmemizde her zaman so\u011fuk preslenmi\u015f ya\u011f tercih edilmelidir. K\u0131zartma i\u00e7in, dumanlanma noktas\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek ve bozulma riski daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan farkl\u0131 ya\u011flar kullan\u0131labilir. Her durumda, se\u00e7imimiz ne olursa olsun, ham t\u00fcketim i\u00e7in sadece so\u011fuk preslenmi\u015f ya\u011flar\u0131 se\u00e7meyi unutmay\u0131n. So\u011fuk preslenmi\u015f ya\u011f di\u011ferlerinden daha pahal\u0131, ancak t\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in kesinlikle daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      So\u011fuk Pres Ya\u011f\u0131n Avantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u0130lk  so\u011fuk pres ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma, v\u00fccut i\u00e7in mineral, vitamin ve antioksidan \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin maddelerin miktar\u0131n\u0131 korurken meyvelerde bulunan i\u00e7eri\u011fin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu y\u00f6ntem, direktiflere g\u00f6re en kaliteli bitkisel ya\u011f\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Hem g\u0131da hem de kozmetik i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en iyi ya\u011f kalitesi bu nedenle  so\u011fuk  presleme ile elde edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      So\u011fuk s\u0131k\u0131m en iyi do\u011fal bitkisel ya\u011f t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Asitlik derecesi di\u011fer ya\u011flara g\u00f6re daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Organik sertifikal\u0131 ya\u011flar sadece  tohumlar\u0131n mekanik bas\u0131nc\u0131 (s\u0131cak veya so\u011fuk) ile elde edilebilir: bu nedenle solvent ekstraksiyonu ile elde edilen bir ya\u011f asla organik olarak kabul edilemez.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Do\u011fal ve bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden elde edilen ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ortak noktas\u0131 ya\u011f pres makineleridir. Ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma konusunda so\u011fuk…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[108],"class_list":["post-3007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-soguk-pres-yag","tag-yag-cikarma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3007","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3007"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3011,"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3007\/revisions\/3011"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulimac.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}